This is pretty much a list of links right now. I always have to search a bit when someone asks a question on this subject, so I’m putting everything in one place to make it easier to find. If I get some time, I hope to compile a lot of this info into one document.
Note:
- Nutrients
- Immune Factors
- Hormones, Enzymes, etc.
- General info and comparisons
- References and further reading
Nutrients
Appendix G: The Composition of Human Milk includes numbers for early milk and mature milk from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council’s (NHMRC) Infant Feeding Guidelines for Health Workers (note: this is a large PDF file)
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Human Milk and Lactation: Macronutrient Composition of Human Milk
|
Breastmilk
|
whole cow’s milk
|
2% cow’s milk
|
|
| cholesterol |
43 mg/cup
|
33 mg/cup
|
18 mg/cup
|
| fat |
11.2 g/cup
|
8 g/cup
|
5 g/cup
|
Protein
According to “Breastfeeding and Human Lactation” (Riordan and Auerbach, 1999), the protein content of mature human milk from well-nourished mothers is about 0.8-0.9 grams of protein per deciliter. Another source says that in the second year of life, 500 ml of breastmilk provides 38% of baby’s protein requirements (UNICEF/Wellstart: Promoting Breastfeeding in Health Facilities: A short course for Administrators and Policy Makers; WHO/CDR 93.4).
Immune Factors
see Immune factors in human milk
General info and comparisons
Constituents of human milk by Ann Prentice, from Food and Nutrition Bulletin (The United Nations University Press)1996 December; 17(4)
Human Milk and Lactation by Carol L Wagner, MD
The Mysteries of Milk by Natalie Shenker MRSB
Comparison of breastmilk & formula from askdrsears.com
Goat – Cow – Human Milk Comparison from the American Dairy Goat Association
References and further reading
Hamosh M. Breastfeeding: Unraveling the Mysteries of Mother’s Milk. Medscape Women’s Health eJournal 1996;1(5).
The United Nations University Press Food and Nutrition Bulletin Volume 17, Number 4, December 1996.
Controlling your cholesterol from askdrsears.com
Reference list from my Extended Breastfeeding Fact Sheet
Hamosh M, Dewey, Garza C, et al: Nutrition During Lactation. Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1991, pp. 133-140. This book is available free from the HRSA Information Center.
Riordan, J. and Auerbach, K. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, 2nd ed. Boston and London: Jones and Bartlett, 1999.
Lawrence, R. Breastfeeding : A Guide for the Medical Profession, 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1994.